Two ways to belong to america bharati Essay Example for Free

Two slipway to belong to america bharati EssayIn the story cardinal ways to belong to America the author and narrator Bharati addressed an issue of images of immigrants in America, and what it truly means to belong to a state of matter. In Bharati short story two ways to belong to America she talks and her and her sister experience as first time immigrants migrating from India to America. At their arrival to America they were similar in a lot of ways, appearance and attitudes-views and sentiments.They were both seeking breaker points-Mira in child psychology and pre-school tuition, bharati went on to peruse a degree in creative writing. After they obtained their degrees they were to return to India and marry, a man of their fathers choosing. The second part of this plan the two sisters aborted Mira, after successfully gaining her degree in child psychology and preschool education and Preferring to be set in her ways married a young Indian man pursuing his business administr ation degree at Waynes university.Bharati while obtaining her degree in creative writing married a fellow American student of Canadian heritage. Both of them then would be successfully married for thirty plus years and still maintain contact with each other however, the narrator Bharati sees that as the only similarity that they have as immigrants coming from India to America. Bharati being the much outgoing and open-minded sister of the two, choose to welcome as much change as a new absolute could offer, obtaining her green card then later her citizenship.She welcomed the difficulties of marrying a man from a different refinement, wanting all the challenges that were accustomed to adapting to the American culture. She moved around in to different states, and even went to live in husband familys homeland-Canada. She wanted to set roots in the country she lived in, vote and make a divagation in any way that she could. She simply wanted to feel like she belonged. Mira on the other hand, being more of an introvert and a patriot of her county/culture felt it necessary to never involved in American culture and felt contentment with her labor certification.She stuck to her roots and her ancestral culture, but contributed significant sum total of her expertise in child psychology and preschool education to American educational system and nationally has been recognized for her efforts. The Two sisters could not be any more different in their experiences of America. In this time, new laws were being established about the issues of possessing a American citizenship/green card verses just simply obtaining a in good order to word certification.This cause Mira to become irritated at the way she felt America was treating its hardworking immigrants, however Bharati always being able to look at both sides of an issue objectively, did not see it that way. she tried to urge her sister to get a green card so that she would still be qualified for benefits that came with be ing an American citizen/green card holder , she replied she would, just until she was ready to go back to her country shed change her citizenship back to being a citizen of India.Bharati then saw her sister in a different light, they certainly was not the same. Where she was passionate about being in a new country her sister preferred to be like an exile, living in a country but not of the country. In conclusion, I agree with both Mira and Bharati I believe that when one has willingly come to a country, one must adapt, however one must always maintain an identity that signifies their background and occupationnever fully giving in to both but finding a balance that suits you.

The Effect of Temperature on Rate of Reaction Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Temperature on Rate of Reaction EssayIn this sample I shall be investigating how temperature affects the reckon of reactionRates of reactionThe Factors that affect the rate of reaction are temperature, surface sphere of influence, concentration, gas pedals, light and pres receivedSurface firmament Surface area is the amount of solid surface that is available for reaction Only affects solids so this depart not affect our experiment When the surface area increases the rate of reaction increases as there is much surface area for the particles to work on, thus, there are more collisions per second Example It is easier to light a fire with small pieces of stick than using large blocks of woodConcentration Concentration is the amount of molecules of a substance in a given wad Concentration affects solids, gases and runny so this entrust affect our experiment When the concentration increases the rate of reaction increases as there are more molecules present, t herefore there are more collisions between molecules (Collision theory) Example zinc reacts fairly slowly with dilute hydrochloric stifling however when the acid is concentrated, the rate of reaction increases. Catalysts A catalyst is a substance which speeds up therate of reaction without itself going undergoing any permanent chemical change this means only small amounts of catalysts are needful to speed up reactions When a catalyst is involved in an experiment there is slight competency needed for the reaction therefore there is more collisions per second We will not be using catalysts in our experiment Example Decomposing henry peroxide resolving power at room temperature is very slow, but using a small amount of manganese oxide greatly increases the reaction rate and oxygen is given off rapidlyLight Light is a form of energy and it causes many chemical reactions to view place. Light does not affect our experiment Example PhotosynthesisTemperatureCollision theor y is used to explain how opposite factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction. For a reaction to take place the reactant particles must collide with each other with adequate energy (activation energy), this energy is used to break the bonds between the particles. If the particles do not have enough energy they will bounce off each other without reacting. By increase the temperature the particles gain more energy and move faster causing more collisions per second.10oC 60oCPrevious ExperimentsThese previous experiments give us background information on judge of reactionAcid and limestoneCaCO3(s) + 2HCL(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)Apparatus Conical flask, hydrochloric acid, marble chips, cotton wool and scalesIn this experiment we melt a certain mass of large marble chips with a certain volume of hydrochloric acid in a conical flask and use cotton wool to trap the acid spray. As the atomic number 6 dioxide is given off from the flask, the mixture loses mass, this is measured and recorded every minute until the reaction is over. The experiment is repeated again using the same mass of marble chips and the same volume of hydrochloric acid and the same temperature but instead using small marble chips. When we meet at our results we scrape up that the larger marble chips take more time to react than the smaller marble chips which show that as the surface area increases, the rate of reaction increases.Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solutionH2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)Apparatus Conical flask, gas syringe, hydrogen peroxide solution and solid manganese oxideIn this experiment we firstly measure the time taken for hydrogen peroxide to decompose and produce 50cm3 of oxygen at room temperature and without a catalyst. We use a gas syringe to measure the oxygen given off. thence we repeat the experiment but instead add a small amount of solid manganese oxide to the hydrogen peroxide solution. When we look at our results we find that without the catalyst (mangane se oxide) the reaction is very slow, but when we add the catalyst the decomposition is very fast and oxygen israpidly given off which shows that catalysts increase the rate of reaction.Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acidNa2S2O3(aq) + 2HCL(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + S(s) + H2O(l)Apparatus Sodium thiosulphate, hydrochloric acid, stop clock, a measuring cylinder and white paper with a black crossIn this experiment we vary the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate, add it to a given volume of hydrochloric acid and time how long it takes for the mixture to go cloudy and the cross to disappear. When we look at our results we see that as we increase the concentration of sodium thiosulphate the rate of reaction increases.HypothesisMy prediction is, as the temperature of the reaction mixture increases so to will the rate of reaction as at higher temperatures the particles have more energy and will collide more hence increasing the rate of reaction. This is explained by the collision theory. The collision theory also allows me to predict that my time against temperature graph will have negative correlation as the time taken will decrease as the temperature increases. I also predict this graph will be curved as the time taken will not be directly proportional to the temperature. I also predict that as I increase the temperature of the mixture, the time taken for the cross to disappear will decrease.ReactionIn my experiment I shall be investigating the effect of temperature on a reaction rate by reacting sodium thiosulphate in dilute hydrochloric acid as shown in the equation down the stairsSodium + hydrochloric Sodium + Sulphur + Sulphur + Water thiosulphate acid chloride dioxideNa2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCL (aq) 2NaCl (aq)+ SO2 (g) + S (s) + H2O (l) Sodium thiosulphate is a clear liquid and hydrochloric acid is a clear liquid, when they react together the solution turns cloudy due to the sulphur.The reaction is exothermic as the energy required to break the bonds is les s than the energy needed to make new bonds.ProcedureApparatus Conical flask Measuring cylinder Bunsen burner Thermometer Stop clock White paper with a black crossMethod1. Measure out 10 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate and 40cm3 of water into a flask. Measure out 5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid an a measuring cylinder 2. Heat the thiosulphate solution to the required temperature using a Bunsen burner 3. Add the acid and start the stop clock. Swirl the flask to mix the solutions and put the solution on the white paper with a black cross 4. Look down at the cross and stop the clock and feel the time taken when the cross has disappeared. Record the temperature of the mixture in the flask.VariablesThe versatiles we will need to keep constant are The concentration of sodium thiosulphate The concentration of hydrochloric acid The volume of hydrochloric acid The same colour of cross The same thickness of cross Look at the cross from the same heightThe independent variable is the temperature. We wil l take 7 different recordings between 10o-70o We will do each recording 5 times and get an average to make sure the results are accurate.ResultsI will record my results in the table and make a time against temperature and a 1/time against temperature graph as shown below

British Heart Foundation Organisational Analysis

British Heart Foundation Organisational AnalysisThe British Heart Foundation is a non-for-profit constitution. We be the UKs tremendousst smell charity (the fifth largest charity in the UK), fighting heart and circulatory disease. Largest funder of research into heart disease in UK. Founded in 1961 Our head use is based in London and thither argon six regional offices. Employ 1807 supply. Heart and circulatory disease the UKs biggest killer 2.6 million people in UK living with heart disease. Income year ending March 2008 was nearly 117 million Fund research, education/campaigns raising awargonness, life-saving cardiac equipment and through BHF heart nurses, they help relief patients suffering from heart disease.BHF has B2B clients, working in partnership with brass instruments such as Colgate, HSBC, Lloyds TSB, Weight Watchers and Scottish and Southern Energy. However, this study provide focus on BHFs B2C customers. fig of SBUs trading, Events, VFR, Legacies, Pr all the equaltion and Cargon so serving multiple customer segments. BHFs score audiences include Heart patients, at-risk groups, health professionals, and children and p arents. As with most charities, those donating money, time and support to the BHF are typic solelyy 45 plus, ABC12s.1.2 BHFs PhilosophyThe philosophy of an geological formation refers to its business approach, it is the principles that underlie its whole operation the philosophy is what guides the organisation. Organisations may operate under one of triplet philosophies they may be crossway, sales or market oriented (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005).A product oriented organisation focuses on their existing products, their goal being to spend a penny them as efficiently as viable. There is little, if any, consideration of the involve and wants of their customers or the market. A sales-oriented organisation, although recognising their competition, still devotes little in the way of considering the inevitably and want s of their customers. The sales-persons role is signalise and their goals are typic all(prenominal)y short-term with success being measured in terms of sales (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005).A market-oriented organisation holds the customer at the centre of all its activities. In contrast to the sales orientation, where market is likely to be restricted to a marketing division, the marketing-oriented philosophy is one that permeates the whole organisation every department recognises the central importance of the customer. There is an emphasis on understanding their put audiences identifying their needfully and satisfying them. (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005). Products and returnss are developed with the sign audience in mind, in fact extensive research into the customer needs and market conditions is conducted to inform the ripening.Andreasen and Kotler (p38, 2007) marketing orientation means marketing architectural planning must(prenominal) jump with the fag audience, no t with the organizationThe BHF fol milds a market oriented philosophy, Target audiences are a central focus of the organisation the organisation only exists as a result of their audience. The focus on their customers is demonstrated not only by their current strategy to arrange the organisation much relevant to target audiences, but too by their corporate objectives (see appendix 1), which are customer focused based on fulfilling their needs and attaining a high standard service. The organisation is dedicated to instilling the market-approach organisation-wide, for example ingrained marketing workshops are frequently held, aimed at the non-marketing departments.Lancaster and Reynolds (2007) claim that to achieve their corporate objectives, the market oriented company must recognise that they do not exist in a vacuum rather, the impertinent environment is dynamic and constantly changing. Whilst it is essential to identify and anticipate the needs and wants of their target marke ts, and know how best to respond to these with the most efficient use of the resources available to them, it is important that this is done inside the context of their ever-changing remote environment and the opportunities and threats it poses.Therefore, for a market-oriented organisation such as the BHF, the role the marketing plan plays is a crucial one. It operationalises the organisations philosophy and ensures the organisation actually is market-oriented and rears a route the organisation butt end follow to ensure this. As mentioned in 1.1 the marketing plan carry a bun in the ovens a great deal of research scanning the environment and aiming to meet the customer needs and wants (Beamish and Ashford, 2008).The role of marketing instruction and research in conducting and analysing the marketing auditThe Role of Marketing Information and ResearchIn order for an organisation to operate a market orientation and remain customer-focused, entropy and research is essential. When undertaken properly it can provide a thorough understanding of target audiences and the little and macro markets. The findings guide the admition of the marketing plan and with the right discipline and research subsequent decisions will be informed ones and it will be possible to discover more realistic time to come predictions. Failing to gather data and research poses serious risks without it an organisation is effectively operating in a vacuum, future decisions are uniformed and there is no customer focus. (Beamish and Ashford, 2008).Collecting Marketing InformationThere are two ways of collecting marketing information alternative and primary. Secondary data is information collected for a purpose other than for the current research. External sources of secondary data include third companionship databases such as keynote and mintel, government statistics, national and trade press and the internet. In addition, there are also a number of internal sources of secondary data, for example a Customer Relations Man agement (CRM) database providing demographic (age, gender, address, occupation) and life-style data (where, what, when and how they buy, how much they spend, religion). Other internal sources include customer complaints, sales reports, personnel, information on their products and services, tolls, retailers, internal training of staff, marketing budget/spend, communications spend and results of previous market research studies. Much of this data may be held on a central database The Marketing Information System (MkIS), this can provide substantial information, fulfilling some research needs, however to obtain bespoke, targeted information to fulfil all research needs primary data is necessary (Taghian and Shaw, 1998)Primary data is data bespoke to the research project. It take into accounts for a more detailed analysis peculiar(prenominal) to the organization. External sources of primary data interviews, focus groups and surveys. Internal dat a can be gathered through interviews with staff.Conducting Research within BHFSecondary OneCRMThird troupe databasesSubscribes to specialist magazines such as ThirdSector, Marketing Week and PR Week Information on external environment.Primary Recognises importance of bespoke research uses external agencies (FIND NAME RESEARCH NOTES). Important to note that there are only 2 other chest and heart charities in CAF top 500, third troupe data accordingly often only relates to charity or health charity sector, not very detail.Use surveys and focus groups.2.4 Conducting and Analysing the Marketing Auditenvironmental scanning is necessary to conduct a detailed marketing audit it requires both primary and secondary information on both the internal and external environment.To analyse the internal environment we need to consider Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process and Physical Evidence (7Ps) and Staff, Style, Shared Values, Systems, Structure, Strategy and Skills (7Ss). Thi s data is specific to the organisation and therefore internal sources such as sales reports, CRM databases, staff interviews, internal observations and staff intranet are used.To analyse the external environment we need to consider factors such as political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL) as well up as suppliers, publics, intermediaries, customers and competitors (SPICC). This requires information sources such as third party reports, newspapers, trade magazines such as ThirdSector, focus groups, surveys and interviews of existing and capableness volunteers/beneficiaries/supporters.Marketing audit and their key issues and their implications for the plan3.1 The Marketing AuditThe Internal EnvironmentThis refers to those factors the organisation has full control over. To identify the strengths and weaknesses of BHFs internal environment the 7Ps marketing mix and McKinseys 7Ss framework were used (appendix 2). These consider 14 elements such as pro duct, price, place, promotion, strategy, structure staff and skills. In addition there are also object lessons that can be used to help analyse certain elements, for example the BCG matrix (appendix 2) and value chain analysis.The Micro EnvironmentTo help identify the opportunities and threats that exist within BHFs micro environment the SPICC model was used (appendix 3), which considers 5 factors an organisation has partial control over suppliers, publics, intermediaries, customers and competitors. To help analyse these factors the Product Life Cycle, Porters Five Forces model (appendix 3) and the Value Systems Analysis can be used.The Macro EnvironmentAn organisation has no control over influences within the external environment, however it is important to scan the environment in order to identify the opportunities and threats that may exist and to make informed decisions to prepare for them. When scanning BHFs external environment the PESTEL model was used (appendix 3), this cat egorises the forces into political, economical, social, technological, ecological and legal.Having analysed the internal and external environment a SWOT analysis can be conducted (figure 2), whereby the key strengths and weakness of the BHF and the opportunities and threats facing them are set. Bringing together the strengths and weaknesses enables the appointment of BHFs core strengths their distinctive competencies (DCs), and from the opportunities and threats their critical success factors (CSFs) can be identified.CSFsLittle direct competition.Many customers with a link to the cause.Media attention surrounding issues BHF tackle.Large picture market.THREATSThe credit crunch decreased disposable income, corporate donations, legacies (accounts for 40% BHFs income).Direct Marketing not as effective as it used to be for charities (not comprehend a return on investment). Hard to obtain the details of new people.More health and medicine charities than any other type, therefore a m ound of competition especially as many tackle sympathetic issues e.g. smoking, obesity.Many people find it embarrassing and give socially desirable answers when discussing issues such as obesity and exercise, i.e. issues the BHF deal with research unreliable.Governments Digital Britain Initiative could leave the BHF looking out-of-date.OPPORTUNITIESMany customers have a link with the cause potential to engage with our audiences more directly and build semipermanent relationships.There is a large prospect youth market opportunity to ontogenesis revenue and market share.Little direct competition, one of just 3 heart charities in top 500 opportunity to maximise differentiation.Companies are placing more importance on Corporate affable Responsibility provides more B2B opportunities.More media attention surrounding the issues BHF tackles such as nourishment labelling and obesity raises profile.Governments Change4Life campaign has given BHF exposure.WEAKNESSESLack of perceived relevance to the target audience hard for them to engage with BHF.Many generic products that arent customer friendly.Website is hard to navigate much information available, but buried under links.Low staff turnover lack of fresh ideas and perspectives in the organisation.Staff close to or highly driven by the cause find it hard to see global public perception.Regional offices developing their own structure, meaning BHF messages may appear inconsistent on a national level.STRENGTHSStrong and trusted brand.Market attraction (number 1 heart charity in UK)Large integrated CRM large pool of customer dataHighly motivated -dedicated and driven by cause.lately launched large multi media campaign Connections increased awareness.Strong demand/need heart disease is the biggest UK killer.A number of large corporate sponsors give rile to large audiences.Many professionals working for BHF high calibre and solid knowledge base.DCsA strong, trusted brand.Large CRM database.Strong demand. Large corporate sponsors.3.2 Key issues faced by the BHF and their implications for the planThe SWOT analysis highlights the key issues now faced by the BHF, these are shown belowKey issues the BHF faces and their implications to the marketing plan.Key IssueImplications to the Marketing final causeCredit Crunchreduction in disposable income, therefore less donationsslump in the housing market, therefore reduction in legaciesreduction in corporate donationsIncome reduced therefore a tighter budget need to generate alternative, cost-efficient ways of raising funds go for low risk options such as building on existing relationships rather than investing a lot of resources striveing to make new contacts.Increasing competition from other health charities.BHF needs to maximise their advantage of having little direct competition and emphasise their differentiation by highlighting alone(p) aspects of the BHFs work rather than those that are similar to other charities and make it relevan t to target audiences.Direct Marketing no longer an effective communication media for charities.Need to use alternative communication media that are equally accountable yet more effective possibly making more use of new media.Large prospect market.Targeting this market will require a great deal of resources, however in the short term given the economic climate it is perhaps not the best time to try to enter this market. It is a great opportunity that should be should be considered in the long-term.Very high priority given to cost savings and operational efficiency, even more so due to the recession often results in generic products (Bruce, 2007).Need to optimise the use of the OneCRM database and increase product customisation.The Digital Britain Initiative is narrow to secure the UKs place at the forefront of innovationand quality in the digital communications industries rapid development could leave the BHF behind.Plan needs to make better use of new media, possibly going out of the BHFs comfort zone.Having conducted the SWOT analysis and considered the key issues, the BHF is now in a better point to coiffure their objectives and determine their strategy.Referring spikelet to figure 2, the DCs are well supported by the CSFs there is a good match. Therefore we can afford to set higher level marketing objectives (discussed in section 4.1). This creates a gap, identified through gap analysis, between the initial forecast (where we will be if we occur to do nothing) and the new objectives. Taking the SWOT analysis into consideration I believe this gap can be bridged through establishing a product development growth strategy, this is a moderate risk strategy, which the match of the DCs and CSFs supports. The BHF will also operate a differentiation competitive strategy (appendix 4) we need to emphasise our unique selling point amongst all the other health charities. Although, other product lines may also contribute in closing the planning gap, the remainde r of this plan will focus on the BHFs new product.Task 02Red for heart campaignLondon to Brighton Bike RideNew ProductB2B Corporate Partnerships homo EventsRegional EventsSponsored School EventsSBU MarketingMarketing Objectives for the BHFs New ProductThe BHFs New ProductThe BHF will launch a B2C social station service that will allow them to engage directly with a large audience and encourage the development of long term relationships. Members will receive information on how to make better their heart health. Upon registering the member will receive a welcome pack containing a heart risk tape measure, a guide to heart health, a 5-a-day food diary, a heart matters fact card and a membership card. They will also receive access to the heart matters helpline, receive email alerts tailored to their needs (healthy eating, getting active, quitting smoking and well being) and will have an online account with a homepage that is regularly updated check to their stated interests upon sign up. Their membership will also provide them with special commercial offers. This is a separated service because it is a belief of the BHF that heart health information should be available to all.4.2 Marketing objectives for the BHFs Heart Matters membership serviceThere is a hierarchy of objectives with three levels corporate, functional and operational. At the corporate level they start off more general and are long-term and get more specific the closer the planning activity gets to the tactical implementation stage (p23 Robert et al, 2005).Corporate objectives are often expressed in pecuniary terms, for example referring to return on investment (ROI) and return on capital employed (ROCE) (Beamish and Ashford, 2008). However, for many not-for-profit organisations, including BHF, although still long-term, they can be much harder to measure. They are typically based on the needs of the beneficiaries, now and for the future.They set out the direction of the organisation they are a s tatement of its prioritiesEverything the organisation does should be associate back to a corporate goal (accessed on 10/04/09 10.30 at http//www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/index.asp?id=488)Functional objectives are more specific than corporate objectives, often medium term referring to percentage increase in sales or market share. These then feed down to the operational objectives that are short-term and much more specific based on the 7Ps marketing mix, for example to offer a 10% discount for 2 weeks.Therefore when setting the marketing objectives for Heart Matters, they should support the corporate objectives as well as reflecting the close match between the DCs and CSFs. With regards to Heart Matters, the BHF have three options. The first is to take the view that the BHF is doing a lot of work directly related to their corporate objectives, therefore Heart Matters should be all about raising funds to help finance this work. The second is that Heart Matters should primarily focus on the nee d of the beneficiaries, the third is a middle-of-the-road option, whereby the need is addressed to a certain extent, but the service must be self-financing.We believe Heart Matters should initially be about addressing the need of the beneficiaries as this would provide the best opportunity to reach and engage with a wider audience.Keeping in mind the objectives should be intellectual (specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound) the marketing objectives for Heart Matters are as followsMarketing objectives for Heart Matters Membership ServiceObjectivesTo recruit over 300,000 members, with less than 7% yearly attrition by 2012.This helps support the BHFs objective to provide vital information to help people reduce their own heart health risk in one case recruited, members will have access to heart health information to help improve their heart health.Hitting this target would indicate increased engagement with supporters.For 20% of donors to make a donation by 2012.30 % of the general population donate to charity however, this may be skewed (as heart conditions are more prevalent in low income areas). This supports all objectives, as funds raised are invested in helping achieve BHFs objectives. For example, to achieve objective 1 (appendix 1) the BHF will provide funding, equipment and facilities to achieve the best results. Therefore, funds raised will support this.For 40% of members recruited to have engaged with another BHF product/service by 2012 e.g. to have participated in an event, donated, made a purchase from the online shop or catalogue.This serves to increase public involvement in heart health, to help achieve objective 2 (appendix 1). Achieving this target would indicate an increased understanding of the work BHF does and an increased involvement of BHF supporters.5. cleavage, Targeting and locating of Heart Matters.5.1 SegmentationCustomers are very diverse therefore the same product and tactics will not appeal to all of them. We nee d to use segmentation the process of dividing the market into specific groups of consumers/buyers who share common needs and who might require separate products and/or marketing mixes (Kotler, 1998 as cited in Ashford and Beamish, 2008). B2B and B2C markets each require different techniques to do this, as Heart Matters is a B2C product consumer segmentation will be used.Consumer markets can be segmented based on the following criteria geographical segmentation is based on variables such as region, population density and size of the area.Demographic segmentation uses variables such as age, gender, income, occupation, ethnicity and social class.Geo-demographic segmentation is a combination of the above, assumes that people either socialise according to class and occupation, or their lifestyles and geographic factors (Ashford and Beamish, 2008). ACORN (A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods) is a system commonly used to segment the population according to geo-demographics.Psych ographic segmentation groups according to lifestyle using variables such as social activities, interests, opinions and values.Behaviouristic segmentation refers to customer behaviour, segmenting based on variables such as benefits sought, purchasing rate and usage rate.Segmentation for the BHF differs depending upon whether the market to be segmented is donor or benefactive role. When segmenting the donor market, all of the above criteria are important, however when segmenting the beneficiary market, behaviourist segmentation will typically be given priority (Bruce, 2007). There will be 2 main phases to Heart Matters the first will target beneficiaries. Upon recruitment of the target beneficiary groups the product will move into its second phase, to raise donations, therefore the target beneficiary groups will be further segmented and new target groups identified (for example this will determine those members receiving a 5 donation ask and those receiving a 15 one) . This report wi ll focus on phase 1, therefore segmentation will be specific to the BHFs beneficiary market (for further information on phase 2, please refer to appendix 5.As previously mentioned, the BHF gives priority to behaviourist segmentation when segmenting their beneficiary markets. Potential segments Heart Matters could target include pursuit help recovering from a heart conditionSeeking help living with a heart conditionSeeking information on caring for someone with a heat conditionDesire to improve their lifestyleDesire to improve their dietFrequent user of BHF products/servicesInfrequent user of BHF product/servicesUse products and services from a configuration of health charitiesLoyal to an alternative health charityAlthough behaviourist variables form the basis of segmentation, further segmentation is necessary as within these groups there are still huge differences from one customer to the next. Further, given limited resources it may not be possible to serve everyone within a part icular needs group. The BHF also use the other criteria to identify additional segmentsGeography The BHF is a nation-wide organisation, however they segment according toDensely populated areasLarge metropolitan areasAreas of low incomeDemographicsParents educate about keeping their childrens hearts healthy65+ higher risk of heart disease, inform on how to reduce risk30-45 leading finicky lives, but still have a chance to make a change7-16 to educate about the importance of keeping their heart healthysedentary occupationHigh stress occupationGeo-demographicSegment into different ACORN groups all of which are within the BHFs beneficiary market as heart health information should be made available to everyone. The market is segmented according to ACORN group as solutions and recommendations may differ depending on income and social class, for example EF14 category low-cost healthy recipes, gym- unaffectionate ways of keeping fit.PsychographicsInternet-savvyDependentsFamiliesOlder cou ples (no children or left home)Gym Members5.2 Target audience for Heart MattersThe marketing of Heart Matters will follow a differentiated strategy, that is Heart Matters will only be targeted at certain segments of the total market and the marketing mix (section 6) will be tailored towards these target segments of the market. Figure 4 below shows the target groups chosen for Heart Matters Membership.Recovering/living with heart conditionhigh riskGlasgow and LondonAge 50+BehaviourGeographicDemographicTarget groups for Heart MattersTarget GroupReason for ChoiceRecovering/living with a heart condition and high risk groups.This is a large market heart and circulatory disease is the UKs biggest killer, almost 2.6 million people are living with heart disease. It is a current strategy of the BHF to make the organisation more relevant to target audiences this is a large audience where the need is currently greatest and it is important to ensure the BHF is made relevant to them.These are is sues that are unique to the BHF, no other large charity tackles them targeting this group provides an opportunity to highlight the BHFs differentiation.Glasgow and LondonAs this is a new product, and one which is free it will initially be launched into just 2 cities, this is to reduce the risk involved. Densely populated cities give a wider market reach. Glasgow has been chosen as there is a high concentration of heart disease, London has been chosen as people living here tend to have a faster curtilage of life, encouraging them to be unhealthy. Initial rates of membership registration of the two cities may give an indication of where to roll the membership out to.Age 50+Heart disease is more common and risk is greater in older people. Further, a survey under-taken by one of our corporate sponsors Fitness-First revealed that of all age groups the over 50s showed the greatest percentage eating healthily, this indicates a large market that would be receptive to health-related inform ation. In addition, this is the baby-boomer generation, a large percentage of which are sloshed home owners may provide significant fundraising opportunities in phase 2.5.3 Positioning Heart MattersHaving selected the target segments, it is important the service is then positioned with their needs and requirements in mind. Positioning is the act of designing an offer so that it occupies a distinct and valued place in the minds of target customers (Kotler et al, 1998). The target segments are likely to have concerns, it is therefore important the service is positioned as reassuring. However, we do not want to be patronising and compromise our brand, the service tackles serious issues so needs to be positioned as a provider of expert advice. Each customer treated as an individual, we wish the service to be viewed as providing customised, not generic information.Figure 4 below shows how we would like our target audiences to perceive our service.CustomisedReassuringExpert, trusted adv iceGenericInaccessibleAmateur adviceDepressingAccessiblePerceptual Map for Heart MattersMarketing mix for the BHFs Heart Matters Membership ServiceStrategyJustificationProductUSP (Unique Selling Point)Core product USP no other charity provides information and advice specific to living with and recovering from a heart condition. Supports our competitive differentiation strategy.Secondary and tertiary product Carbon Copy many other charities provide free membership services offering newsletters, free calendars, membership cards etc (appendix 4)PriceIntermediate strategy, in terms of the value the customer will place on the product.This supports our quality of information positioning and selective marketing strategy. Heart Matters core product has a USP however we want it to be available to everyone within our target market, not just a specialist group, so therefore skimming is not applicable. Price penetration is also not applicable as this is a strategy typically used for lower qua lity, carbon copies therefore does not support our quality of information positioning strategy. In addition we do not want to target everyone within the beneficiary market this is a new product, do not want to appear low quality and generic, the intermediary price strategy supports this.PlaceDual dissemination use both direct and indirect (via intermediaries) diffusion to the customer.Selective DistributionInterdependence BHF retains full control.Dual distribution the core product will only be distributed directly, this is essential to support the expert positioning and give the BHF full control over the service. Indirect distribution of the core product may confuse customers and fail to relate it to the BHF.Indirect distribution of Heart Matters registration and materials. This will give a greater access to the market and provide customers with the option to register in person or online.Selective distribution will give access to the right customers i.e. our target groups. This also supports our quality positioning strategy and intermediate price strategy, as we can choose intermediary locations that support our brand such as pharmacies.Intermediaries will be interdependent the BHF will retain full control. This is because the BHF has a strong brand and a greater understanding of the customer needs, particularly as this is a service aimed at beneficiaries. Giving independence to intermediaries may risk bad PR for the BHF.PromotionObjective Differentiate and InformStr

Human resource development

man imaging usingINTRODUCTONHuman resource suppuration is defined by Heathfield (2010) as the frame campaign for component employees develops their person-to-person and brass instrumental skills, knowledge and abilities. Human resource development involves using a range of learning and educate techniques and strategies to change the work related appearance and attitudes of an employee (Megginson et al 1999) and it also engages in surgical attend to wariness in other to ensure that people tail do things strong or do overbold and break off things (Gibbs 2008).This study is aimed to analyze the purpose of Human resource development and also using this aims to analyze how it helps ecesiss earn sustained belligerent advantage by using transcription example.AIM OF humane RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTHuman resource development according to Philbeam and Corbridge (2002285) is concerned with enhancing schemeal slaying through and through effective development and deployment of governing bodyal members. To enhance performance, a human resource developer has to ensure that the individualists in the organization has the knowledge, expertise and the right attitudes to execute their work (Swanson and Arnold 1996), also, human resource development aims at ensuring that the organization has the skilled, committed and advantageously-motivated employee it accepts to sustain competitive advantage by focusing on processes that develop skills, knowledge and the attitude of the employee (Swanson Arnold 1996), much(prenominal) as training, developing, learning, educating and mentoring the employee (Stewart and McGoldrick 1996), and also by identifying and change the skills and motive of employees (Philbeam and Corbridge 2002284).In other to ensure that the organization as the right people to sustain competitive advantage, Human resource development engage in the following training, learning, development of the individual and mentoring merely before the Human r esource developer makes a decision on how to train, develop, instill or mentor the employee they need to have a concept on performance management in other to see how training and development get out improve the effectiveness of the employee and to know what aspect in the performance of the employee needs to be trained in other to butt the goals and values of the organization (Megginson et al 1999).Performance managementPerformance involves what an employee does in carrying out their duty (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Before performance is managed the performance needed by the organization should be identify in other to achieve their goals which in most organization is linked to the mission statement of the organization so that the performance can be managed in line with the organizational values and some organization leave behind manage the performance in line with the business strategy of the organization that ar involve in the business context to be competitive (Torrington et al 2005). Performance management is defined by Armstrong (2009618) as a systematic process for improving organization by developing the performance of individuals and teams. Torrington et al (2005) cited Mabey and Salaman (1995) who defined performance management as establishing a frame work in which the performance by individual can be directed, monitored, motivated and rewarded and whereby the links in the cycle can be audited. Human resource development is a means to an arrest. That end is usually acknowledged to be getting better results from the organization, teams and individuals by understanding and managing performance within an agreed framework of planned goals, objectives and standards(Gibb 2008).Every organization wants an employee that performs wellspring in their duty it is desired that an effective performance management scheme can make the likely of good performance to occur (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Performance management goes beyond the ability and motivation of the individual it involves how goals are clearly identified in alter the employee to understand what is expected of them in the area of their job and to post their priorities (Torrington et al 2005). Performance management scheme involves processes that can be used to shape up, motivate, evaluate, reward and identify the performance of the employee (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Performance management develops the capacity of the employee to meet, egest and to achieve their full potential for the benefit of the organization as well as themselves, it can also serve as the basis for self-importance development and ensure that the subscribe and the guidance need by the employee to develop and improve is available (Armstrong 2009).Megginson et al (1999) discuss the work of Ulrich (1998) who was of the view that performance management is what employees and managers do at work, that the way they act and interact is crucial to the success of the organization and in doing this it will ra ise the profile and value of training as a strategy for achieving competitive advantage.TrainingStaffs are important resources to an organization in other to achieve economic and effective performance, in other to ensure that an organization has staffs that are capable of career advancement into the constituent of a specialist or a manager an organization needs to engage in up to(predicate) training (Mullins 2002). Training is defined as learning and development undertaken for the purpose of supporting development and maintenance of operational capability in employment skills for work and in work, on-job or off-job, to enable effective performance in a job or role (Gibb 20085).Training involves modifying skills, knowledge and abilities through learning to achieve effective performance (Wilson 2005). It is believed that training makes an individual become effective managers as a result of their techniques having impact on inherent abilities, competence and skills (Hunt and Baruch 2003). Training makes the employees believe that the organization is committed to them and in securing their future in the organization which motivates the employees to Work harder and better (CIPD 2008), and it also develops the expertise of the individual in other to increase their performance in the organization (Swanson). Training and development is equipping the employee with the right skills, knowledge and competence to maximize performance (Philbeam and Corbridge 2002).Also, training improves the level of the organization as well as the individual competence and its also a key element in improving organizational performance (Mullins 2002). Competence is defined by Stensgaard (2004) as the combination of awareness, skills, knowledge and abilities that enables an individual to perform a job to the standards required for successful job performance. Competence is more than learned knowledge, skills and abilities but involves motives, traits, values and self concept of the individ ual (Clardy 2008). Clardy (2008) discuss the work of Spencer and Spencer (1993) who claim that training competence however expanded the focus on skills and knowledge which includes personality traits, increasing the compute of variables that could explain and promote job performance as well as shifting emphasis from enabling adequate performance to producing superior ones.However, competence is ground on skills rather than knowledge, in other word competence training will convince employees of the need to afford time and commitment to learning reinvigorated skill in other to increase their performance and to see their role as accepting these challenges for change (Bramham). Having a well designed and structured competence found training and development program the organization can work towards ensuring that they have the right skills and the right people to achieve their organizational goals and sustain competitive advantage which can only be achieved by having employees that c an effectively and efficiently perform their job (Stensgaard 2004).Training is believed to improve the knowledge and the skills of the employee as well as change their attitudes toward work which can lead to benefits much(prenominal) as the increase in the confidence, motivation and the commitment of staffs, broaden the opportunity for career progression, give a feeling of personal achievement and satisfaction and help to improve the availability and quality of staffs (Mullins 2002). Training can be a source of motivation development for the employee if it is carried out as a form of support for the employee and in the process of training the employees learns what is expected of them in doing their job and what they need to do better (Thomason 1988).LearningOne of the functions of Human resourcefulness development is to assist the organization by creating an environment suitable for learning which is required to help develop staffs to meet agreed objectives (Wilson 2005). Learning is defined as a change in an individuals level of knowledge, skills or attitudes (Gibb 2008). Learning is believed to be the individuals ability to cope with change which can be acquired either through formal education or training or through informal experiences (Wilson 2005). As much as organizations are fire in ensuring they utilize the knowledge and skills of all their employees it is believed that little is absorbed through training provided at work but it is believed that most learning acquired by the individual is through their interaction with colleagues, clients which is said to be learning acquired through experience (Mullins 2002).It is believed that learning and development has helped develop employees skills in organizations which have prompted employees performance and lead to organizational success (CIPD 2008). Learning is believed to be linked to behavioral outcomes in other words learning does not only involve what is being taught but making disposition of experi ences and by doing that learning new skills (Stewart and McGoldrick 1996). Learning at work can be said to be learning for work and it is believed that what people learn will be applied to work in other to support current and future work requirement, also, as learning at work increases the ability of the individual at work so does learning outside work increase the individuals work performance (Megginson et al 1999).Learning can be beneficial to an organization as well as the individual in the organization by increasing the capacity and the ability of everyone to contribute to the growth of the organization, by developing the individuals skills and potentials and enabling them to be able to meet the demand of change, also, it provides a solution to organizational issues, enables the organization to meet its goals and produce a wider range of solutions to organizational issues (Mullins 2002). organic evolution teaching is believed to be a form of learning and training which changes t he individual intellectually and not just changing their work skill or knowledge but the individual as a whole and it also helps the individual to grow in their career and also in all aspect of life (Gibb 2008). Development is said to involve preparing the individual in the organization for expected changes in their job or for a future job or a role (Mullins 2002). Development involves the growth of an individuals ability through learning which can be conscious or unconscious (Wilson 2005). Wilson (20056) cited the work of Bolton (1995) who points out that development occurs when a gain in experience is effectively combined with the conceptual understanding that can illuminate it, giving increased confidence both to act and to perceive how such actions relates to its context.Employee development involves attitude which includes concepts like growth, expansion, improvement, and education (Maund 2001), and also gives the employee opportunity to develop their skills, abilities, realize their potential and to advance their career in or outside the organization (Armstrong 2009), and to change their attitude as a result of going through the process of motivational development (Thomason 1988). Development involves the acquisition of skills which is derived from learning (Thomason 1988).Employee development as wide impact on the individual and not just on the individual but also on the organization and the community in which the organization whole kit and boodle (Maund 2001).MentoringMentoring is a relationship in which experienced managers aid individuals in the earlier stage of their career and such relationship provides an environment for convening technical, interpersonal and organizational skills from the more experienced to the less experienced (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Mentoring is seen as a variable in the achievement of success for both the individual and the organization who seek to manage the development of their employees who are the future leaders to eng age in order to grow and to develop to senior managers (Gibb 2008). It is believed that mentoring is a form of support in enabling women to progress up the career ladder particular in the area of professions and management (Gibb 2008). Effective mentors will not only encourage individuals to reflect upon their career goals, thereby promoting a sense of purpose and control they will also help individuals acquire the skills necessary to operate within a less hierarchical structure (CIPD 2008).The skills, approaches and the general behavior of the mentor have an important effect on the employees willingness to learn and also on the commitment paraden by the employees towards the learning process (Megginson et al 1999). Also, mentors can serve as a source of motivation for the individual in a way of support in the early stage of their career (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Motivation can be used to aid the employee to give their best to their job or increase their performance in the area of their job or work according to set standards, also, it is believed that people tend to work better if they understand the nature of their job and how they are suppose to carry it out and why they are suppose to carry it out in that particular way (Thomason 1988).SUSTAINING COMPETITVE ADVANTAGE THROUGH THE WORK OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (ORGANIZATION EXAMPLE)Human resource development is viewed as an important necessity to Walt Disney because to them training is seen as an important investment in the success of their company, piece some organizations see training as necessary but expensive, Walt Disney make it top priority (Handout). Walt Disney believe so strongly in a companys responsibleness for training its employees (handout), and they believe that it is the talent, enthusiasm and the dedication of their employee that has sustained them over the years (Disneyland paris.com). they believe that in other for their employees to perform excellently and not embarrass themselves they need to go through a training program and also need to practice whatever they have been trained on (Handout). Before starting in their new job their employees go through training program that is based on their profession and what their job entails, in other to develop their skills (Marie). They believe that everyone that works with them from the senior to the junior employer has a right to learn, develop and to grow (Marie). According to them, training, learning and practicing has important roles to play in the in the development of their employees talent and in other for them to perform well they need to be thoroughly trained and also they need to rehearse their roles which lead to the establishment of the Disney university (Hand out).Disney University is believed to be a training process and Walt Disney makes sure that every new employee goes through a training process before starting in their new job and the training process is directed towards imparting knowledge about spe cific job skills, competencies and also ensures that the employee has a good understanding of the companys culture and tradition (Handout). Their training is based on developing the professional ability and the performance of their employee and they believe that the employees should be able to develop themselves and in turn develop others in the process (Marie).At the Disney University pupil receive complete orientation called Traditions, which includes an explanation of the companys values and traditions, on-the-job training, and procedures for advancement (Handout). Their employees are also provided with teachers who serve as mentors who has more experience and who can show the employees what should be done and what not to do (handout). The implementation of training in Walt Disney was to train their employees in other to develop their skills, knowledge and their ability and as a result, get the performance needed to be competitive and to sustain a competitive advantage by having the right employees (handout). Walt Disney sees training as the bases for Human resource and as a way of developing their business, their workers and also themselves (Marie).CONCLUSIONHuman resource development has an important role to play in the development of an employee and in the growth of an organization, by providing an organization with the proper employees who have undergone training and learning new skills in other to develop their skills, knowledge, abilities and their competenciesReferenceArmstrong, M. (2009) Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 9th edn, Kogan Page, London.Brumback, G.H (2003) Blending we/me in performance management Electronic copy, Team performance management, script 8, Issue 7/8, Pg 167-173.Clardy, A. (2008) Human resource development and the resource based model of core competencies Methods for diagnosis and assessment Electronic copy, Human resource development review, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pg 387-407.Disneyland Paris (2010) Cor porate responsibility Disneylandparis.com corporate.disneylandparis.com/corporate-responsibility/our-people/diverse-and-multicultural/cast-member-interviews.xhtml Accessed 05/04/2010.Gibb, S. (2008) Human resource development Processes, Practices and Perspectives, 2nd edn, Palgrave, New York.Heathfield, S.M. (2010) What is human resource development (HRD) About.com humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryh/f/hr_development.htm Accessed 27/03/2010.Hunt, J.W, Baruch, Y. (2003) Developing top managers the impact of interpersonal skills training, Electronic copy. Journal of Management Development, Volume 22, Issue 8, Page 729-752.Lasbleis, J.M. (2010) Training Disneylandparis-casting.com http//disneylandparis-casting.com/en/our-hr-philosophy/training Accessed 03/04/2010.Mathis, R.L., Jackson, J.H (2003) Human resource management, 10th edn, Thomson, Ohio.Megginson, D., Banfield, P., Joy-Mathews, J. (1999) Human Resource development, 2nd edn, Kogan page, London.Mullins, L.J (2002) Management and organizational behaviour, 6th edn, Pearson education, Harlow.Philbeam, S., Corbridge, M. (2002) stack resourcing HRM in practice, 2nd edn, Pearson education, Harlow.Stensgaard, A.B (2007) Competence based training and Development, Ameinfo.com, www.ameinfo.com/43457.html Accessed 29/03/2010.Stewart, J., McGoldrick, J. (1996) Human resource development Perspectives, strategies and practice, Pearson education, HarlowSwanson, A.R, Arnold, D.E (1996) The purpose of human resource development is to improve organizational performance, Richardswanson.com www.richardswanson.com/publications/Swanson(1996)ThePurpose.pdf Accessed 27/03/2010.Swanson, R.A. () Human resource development performance is the key cmapspublic.ihmc.us/rid=1217113903859_1440042561_12670/Overview%20of%20HRD%20-%20Swanson.pdf Accessed 27/03/2010.Thomason, G. (2003) A text book of human resource management, institute of personal management, London.Torrington, D., Hall, L., Taylor, S (2005) Human resource management, 6t h edn, Pearson education, Harlow.Willson, J.P. (2005) Human resource development Learning and training for individuals and organizations, 2nd edn, Kogan page, London.

Summary Of Neutral Tones By Thomas Hardy English Literature Essay

Summary Of Neutral Tones By Thomas Hardy English Literature EssayThe loud speaker system addresses an estranged spotr and reminisces about a foreseen moment in their past, from where he already anticipates the demise of their relationship. The first three stanzas (lines 1-12) describe the past incident when the speaker faces the bleak moments of a break up process. The speaker is mentally perturbed by the disillusions of passionateness, believing that things were once beautiful. He is frustrated when love perishes and felt deceived by the sweet-flavored promises love had to offer.It started off with cold winter where the speaker stood by a pond with his lover and everything was neutral in colour with sombre effects of whites and greys to try the sense of hopelessness and death in all living things. The tension gradually picks up in the second stanza where the speaker explores deeper into the nature of their relationship Your eye on me were as eyes that rove over tedious riddles solved years ago., which is interpreted to mean that the couple had repeated fights with no progress in their relationship. The insignificance of their communication exposed through the tired and morbid under relish seen in lines such as And some words played between us to and fro-. This shows thoroughgoing flaws in their communication, making a meaningful relationship seem impossible. The first line of the third stanza describing her smile contains a disheartening oxymoron. Usually, a facial apparent movement would be associated with happiness and joy where as in Neutral Tones the smile is described as the deadest thing. The cold causality of the gesture serves as reminder to the acrimony of the poem. This oxymoronic metaphor continues, with the phrase alive enough to have the strength to die. This phrase further enhances the emotional turmoil experienced by the speaker, presenting a horrifying substitution class of something that just has enough energy to die. Based from this line, the speaker had already known that his lover would deceive him in love just as her smile that defeats the place of joy and happiness. Lastly, the fourth stanza reflects upon the memories of the past incident and explains on the nature of love. It is a sad, pessimistic and melancholic poem that portrays love as paroxysmful and never abiding till it is fragilely doomed.What meanings do you find in the title?The poet tells on the termination of a relationship creates its melancholic note in the title itself, called Neutral Tones. Ironically, the act upon of landscape are neutral but the lovers features, as in her eyes and smile, may seemed neutral but they are in fact bitter and hurtful. passim the poem, a variety of techniques are used to highlight sadness and emotions in the speaker with soothing yet depressing language that consorts on duality. Neutrality effects from the poem may seem calm and soothing, yet it contradicts to the real meaning of the background, which a ctually depicts hopelessness and disillusionments about love.Explain in your own words the metaphor in line 2.In line 2, Hardy uses a very neutral monosyllabic word like the sunlight was white, as though chidden of God. The sun that normally appears to be yellow, symbolizes happiness and life. But in Neutral Tones, as the title suggests that all living things and nature becomes sombre in colour, which in this context the sun becomes white to create the feelings of frigidity as soundly as to symbolize the coldness of the relationship within the poem. The speaker once thought that love would be a happy and lively feeling of joy, instead of having a tragic ending of coldness towards the relationship. Sadly, even a possible hope of love has been chidden of God as if it is cursed and forbidden.What connotations appropriate to this poem does the ash (line 4) have that oak tree or maple would lack?The ash carries a double meaning, where as oak and maple merely mean a type of tree. Unlike the maple and oak, ash could also means a grey powdery substance that is left after something is burn besides having another meaning as a type of tree. In other words, Hardy uses ash to connote to the demise of the speakers relationship as well as the love that fades in time. Hardy creates a gloomy environment with a grey ash to emit the ambiance of a winter pacify where everything is neutral in colour. The few leaves, which have fallen from the ash gives hint towards the dying of life. Yet, it is not life that died, but love.What visible objects in the poem function symbolically? What actions or gestures?The setting contributes to a mood of torpor or constriction the sun is white, as if drained of all its vitality. Dead leaves lie on the ground as a reminder of the end of the natural cycle of life and death. These leaves are grey and come from an ash Both words honour the gloominess of this colorless, inert scene. Essentially, Hardy creates a dying environment to symbolize a pe rishing relationship. In addition to serving as an objective correlative, the bleak valet Hardy describes in Neutral Tones also symbolizes the speakers dead relationship. Through his use of imagery, construction of the poem, and paradoxes, Hardy creates a bleak world of once-beautiful things lying in despair, which invokes a sense of hopelessness and melancholia in the reader.The description of the womans glance and their conversation suggests that their love had become boring and meaningless to her. Things become even direr in stanza 3, when the lovers smile is likened-in a metaphor instead of the simile of stanza 2-to the deadest thing/ Alive, and her bitter grin is compared to an ominous bird awing. use of symbolism is the ominous bird a-wing, this could have been point in as a kind of prolepsis to the final stanza, the ominous bird representing his know shattered trust, the word ominous almost suggest something paganistic about this. The pain predicted by this bitter grin is c onfirmed in stanza 4 the death of their relationship, but even more pain and suffering followed in the deceptions and wrongs that ensued. The vagueness and generalized tone of this last stanza implies that the assertion that love deceives, / and wrings with wrongs is a generalization that applies to all love, not just this particular love.

Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist

design of Language to Portray 19th Century London corporation in Oliver Twist by Charles twoThe worlds most popular compose and novelist who belonged to theVictorian era requires no introduction. Charles Dickens is the manbehind great novels like, Oliver Twist, Hard Times, GreatExpectations, and many an(prenominal) other fascinating and insightful novels thatare considered, and quite rightly so, whole caboodle of true genius. The man,himself was a worker in a blacking factory during his childhood. His scram was unable to pay off the family debts so young Dickens was odd without a proper education and so spent his childhood and most ofhis young person in poverty. This left an indelible wound on Dickens.Needless to say, in each of his novels, we see that Dickens reflectson his own life and highlights the miseries of the Industrial renewing because of which he was robed of the best years of hislife.Dickens was a accessible critic. This is quite expected because of thelife Dicke ns led and what he had experienced. He manages to personatesociety exactly how it was during the Industrial Revolution. At thetime many authors only(prenominal) portrayed the positive aspects of theRevolution but Dickens highlighted scour the negative aspects of thechanges that were fetching place. Dickens was not particularly moved bythe changes caused by the Revolution. He claimed that the world helived in was one of sorrow and trouble. This is quite true becausehe confounded his childhood helping out in factories, another innovationof the Revolution. He was a life-long supporter of the poor. Each ofhis novels involves some characters who belong to the lower branchesof society so that when concourse read his novels, they realize whatexactly society was li... ... he moves along with thetarradiddle and has also been quite effective at certain times because ofits ability to picture sympathy. It tells us how the characters react tovarious circumstances and how they are influen ced by society. by chancethis is one of the reasons that the novel continues to remain anenduring classic.The society that has been depicted is of quite several(predicate) from today.It was difficult adjusting to the workhouses, factories in the citybut we fin ally manage to add up tuned with Dickens novel. It is one ofthe best books ever written. This is because it has a great readerappeal even two centuries later. It is because the description and thelanguage used have helped the reader all throughout, so we do not feelstranded at any point. Dickens saw to it that his readers got the bestof his work and we cant disagree after reading Oliver Twist. Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist by Charles DickensThe worlds most popular author and novelist who belonged to theVictorian era requires no introduction. Charles Dickens is the manbehind great novels like, Olive r Twist, Hard Times, GreatExpectations, and many other fascinating and insightful novels thatare considered, and quite rightly so, works of true genius. The man,himself was a worker in a blacking factory during his childhood. Hisfather was unable to pay off the family debts so young Dickens wasleft without a proper education and so spent his childhood and most ofhis youth in poverty. This left an indelible wound on Dickens.Needless to say, in each of his novels, we see that Dickens reflectson his own life and highlights the miseries of the IndustrialRevolution because of which he was robed of the best years of hislife.Dickens was a social critic. This is quite expected because of thelife Dickens led and what he had experienced. He manages to portraysociety exactly how it was during the Industrial Revolution. At thetime many authors only portrayed the positive aspects of theRevolution but Dickens highlighted even the negative aspects of thechanges that were taking place. Dickens was not particularly moved bythe changes caused by the Revolution. He claimed that the world helived in was one of sorrow and trouble. This is quite true becausehe lost his childhood helping out in factories, another innovationof the Revolution. He was a life-long supporter of the poor. Each ofhis novels involves some characters who belong to the lower branchesof society so that when people read his novels, they realize whatexactly society was li... ... he moves along with thestory and has also been quite effective at certain times because ofits ability to draw sympathy. It tells us how the characters react tovarious circumstances and how they are influenced by society. Perhapsthis is one of the reasons that the novel continues to remain anenduring classic.The society that has been depicted is of quite different from today.It was difficult adjusting to the workhouses, factories in the citybut we finally manage to get tuned with Dickens novel. It is one ofthe best books ever written. Th is is because it has a great readerappeal even two centuries later. It is because the description and thelanguage used have helped the reader all throughout, so we do not feelstranded at any point. Dickens saw to it that his readers got the bestof his work and we cant disagree after reading Oliver Twist.

Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling: A Solution to Kierkegaard’s Despair O

In Kierkegaards Fear and Trembling, the concept of the horse of Faith is an exalted one, a unique deed awarded to those whose devotion to God goes far beyond what is even comprehensible or expected for the average humanness, who has an aesthetic or ethical life. We are told by Kierkegaard that this Knight of Faith, when in a situation where resignation appears to be the only solution to a problem, gravels his faith in what appears to be the absurd, and believes that the solution that he desires lies in God. This fuels his faith, and bring ins him bettor than the aesthetic man, who simply abandons or ignores the problem, or the ethical man, the Knight of Infinite Resignation, who accepts the problem and resigns himself to a life of despair. The Knight of Faith exists as a light beacon of devotion to the will of God, and, according to Kierkegaard, there exist only two known examples of the Knight of Faith Abraham, and Mary. These exemplary figures in history put their faith i n God, and believed that God would provide a solution to their problems. This unconditional faith in their creator is supposed to be inspirational, and in a sense, make the reader feel incredibly pitiful and resentful of their own wavering faith. In the following paragraphs, I aim to argue that a moment of controlling faithlessness washstand prove to be just as powerful as a moment of pure faith, and that Mary and Abraham serve as God-given examples of an inviolate faith that is inaccessible to all but a few humans who serve very specific purposes in this world. Finally, I will propose a different mode of existence, one in which a mans free will allows him to find joy in whatever God provides for him.In Fear and Trembling, Kierkegaard uses the example of Abraham as ... ...e individual is able to engage in a deeper and more meaningful affinityship with their Creator. The Knight of Faith, when engaging in this relationship, does so in the same manner that a small child woul d with their parent, however, the devotee attempts to create a mature adult relationship with their parent, one that is loving, but questioning, and date the love that exists between the two may be unconditional, the demands made are not. While Kierkegaards analysis of the superiority of the Knight of Faith in relation to those who follow the aesthetic life or ethical life is correct, he fails to acknowledge that faith can be rooted in joy and love, and can be far more spiritual and fulfilling than faith alone. This is the angst-ridden and unfortunate symptom of an existential despair, and does not truly reflect the complicated relationship between man and God.