Human resource development

man imaging usingINTRODUCTONHuman resource suppuration is defined by Heathfield (2010) as the frame campaign for component employees develops their person-to-person and brass instrumental skills, knowledge and abilities. Human resource development involves using a range of learning and educate techniques and strategies to change the work related appearance and attitudes of an employee (Megginson et al 1999) and it also engages in surgical attend to wariness in other to ensure that people tail do things strong or do overbold and break off things (Gibbs 2008).This study is aimed to analyze the purpose of Human resource development and also using this aims to analyze how it helps ecesiss earn sustained belligerent advantage by using transcription example.AIM OF humane RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTHuman resource development according to Philbeam and Corbridge (2002285) is concerned with enhancing schemeal slaying through and through effective development and deployment of governing bodyal members. To enhance performance, a human resource developer has to ensure that the individualists in the organization has the knowledge, expertise and the right attitudes to execute their work (Swanson and Arnold 1996), also, human resource development aims at ensuring that the organization has the skilled, committed and advantageously-motivated employee it accepts to sustain competitive advantage by focusing on processes that develop skills, knowledge and the attitude of the employee (Swanson Arnold 1996), much(prenominal) as training, developing, learning, educating and mentoring the employee (Stewart and McGoldrick 1996), and also by identifying and change the skills and motive of employees (Philbeam and Corbridge 2002284).In other to ensure that the organization as the right people to sustain competitive advantage, Human resource development engage in the following training, learning, development of the individual and mentoring merely before the Human r esource developer makes a decision on how to train, develop, instill or mentor the employee they need to have a concept on performance management in other to see how training and development get out improve the effectiveness of the employee and to know what aspect in the performance of the employee needs to be trained in other to butt the goals and values of the organization (Megginson et al 1999).Performance managementPerformance involves what an employee does in carrying out their duty (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Before performance is managed the performance needed by the organization should be identify in other to achieve their goals which in most organization is linked to the mission statement of the organization so that the performance can be managed in line with the organizational values and some organization leave behind manage the performance in line with the business strategy of the organization that ar involve in the business context to be competitive (Torrington et al 2005). Performance management is defined by Armstrong (2009618) as a systematic process for improving organization by developing the performance of individuals and teams. Torrington et al (2005) cited Mabey and Salaman (1995) who defined performance management as establishing a frame work in which the performance by individual can be directed, monitored, motivated and rewarded and whereby the links in the cycle can be audited. Human resource development is a means to an arrest. That end is usually acknowledged to be getting better results from the organization, teams and individuals by understanding and managing performance within an agreed framework of planned goals, objectives and standards(Gibb 2008).Every organization wants an employee that performs wellspring in their duty it is desired that an effective performance management scheme can make the likely of good performance to occur (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Performance management goes beyond the ability and motivation of the individual it involves how goals are clearly identified in alter the employee to understand what is expected of them in the area of their job and to post their priorities (Torrington et al 2005). Performance management scheme involves processes that can be used to shape up, motivate, evaluate, reward and identify the performance of the employee (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Performance management develops the capacity of the employee to meet, egest and to achieve their full potential for the benefit of the organization as well as themselves, it can also serve as the basis for self-importance development and ensure that the subscribe and the guidance need by the employee to develop and improve is available (Armstrong 2009).Megginson et al (1999) discuss the work of Ulrich (1998) who was of the view that performance management is what employees and managers do at work, that the way they act and interact is crucial to the success of the organization and in doing this it will ra ise the profile and value of training as a strategy for achieving competitive advantage.TrainingStaffs are important resources to an organization in other to achieve economic and effective performance, in other to ensure that an organization has staffs that are capable of career advancement into the constituent of a specialist or a manager an organization needs to engage in up to(predicate) training (Mullins 2002). Training is defined as learning and development undertaken for the purpose of supporting development and maintenance of operational capability in employment skills for work and in work, on-job or off-job, to enable effective performance in a job or role (Gibb 20085).Training involves modifying skills, knowledge and abilities through learning to achieve effective performance (Wilson 2005). It is believed that training makes an individual become effective managers as a result of their techniques having impact on inherent abilities, competence and skills (Hunt and Baruch 2003). Training makes the employees believe that the organization is committed to them and in securing their future in the organization which motivates the employees to Work harder and better (CIPD 2008), and it also develops the expertise of the individual in other to increase their performance in the organization (Swanson). Training and development is equipping the employee with the right skills, knowledge and competence to maximize performance (Philbeam and Corbridge 2002).Also, training improves the level of the organization as well as the individual competence and its also a key element in improving organizational performance (Mullins 2002). Competence is defined by Stensgaard (2004) as the combination of awareness, skills, knowledge and abilities that enables an individual to perform a job to the standards required for successful job performance. Competence is more than learned knowledge, skills and abilities but involves motives, traits, values and self concept of the individ ual (Clardy 2008). Clardy (2008) discuss the work of Spencer and Spencer (1993) who claim that training competence however expanded the focus on skills and knowledge which includes personality traits, increasing the compute of variables that could explain and promote job performance as well as shifting emphasis from enabling adequate performance to producing superior ones.However, competence is ground on skills rather than knowledge, in other word competence training will convince employees of the need to afford time and commitment to learning reinvigorated skill in other to increase their performance and to see their role as accepting these challenges for change (Bramham). Having a well designed and structured competence found training and development program the organization can work towards ensuring that they have the right skills and the right people to achieve their organizational goals and sustain competitive advantage which can only be achieved by having employees that c an effectively and efficiently perform their job (Stensgaard 2004).Training is believed to improve the knowledge and the skills of the employee as well as change their attitudes toward work which can lead to benefits much(prenominal) as the increase in the confidence, motivation and the commitment of staffs, broaden the opportunity for career progression, give a feeling of personal achievement and satisfaction and help to improve the availability and quality of staffs (Mullins 2002). Training can be a source of motivation development for the employee if it is carried out as a form of support for the employee and in the process of training the employees learns what is expected of them in doing their job and what they need to do better (Thomason 1988).LearningOne of the functions of Human resourcefulness development is to assist the organization by creating an environment suitable for learning which is required to help develop staffs to meet agreed objectives (Wilson 2005). Learning is defined as a change in an individuals level of knowledge, skills or attitudes (Gibb 2008). Learning is believed to be the individuals ability to cope with change which can be acquired either through formal education or training or through informal experiences (Wilson 2005). As much as organizations are fire in ensuring they utilize the knowledge and skills of all their employees it is believed that little is absorbed through training provided at work but it is believed that most learning acquired by the individual is through their interaction with colleagues, clients which is said to be learning acquired through experience (Mullins 2002).It is believed that learning and development has helped develop employees skills in organizations which have prompted employees performance and lead to organizational success (CIPD 2008). Learning is believed to be linked to behavioral outcomes in other words learning does not only involve what is being taught but making disposition of experi ences and by doing that learning new skills (Stewart and McGoldrick 1996). Learning at work can be said to be learning for work and it is believed that what people learn will be applied to work in other to support current and future work requirement, also, as learning at work increases the ability of the individual at work so does learning outside work increase the individuals work performance (Megginson et al 1999).Learning can be beneficial to an organization as well as the individual in the organization by increasing the capacity and the ability of everyone to contribute to the growth of the organization, by developing the individuals skills and potentials and enabling them to be able to meet the demand of change, also, it provides a solution to organizational issues, enables the organization to meet its goals and produce a wider range of solutions to organizational issues (Mullins 2002). organic evolution teaching is believed to be a form of learning and training which changes t he individual intellectually and not just changing their work skill or knowledge but the individual as a whole and it also helps the individual to grow in their career and also in all aspect of life (Gibb 2008). Development is said to involve preparing the individual in the organization for expected changes in their job or for a future job or a role (Mullins 2002). Development involves the growth of an individuals ability through learning which can be conscious or unconscious (Wilson 2005). Wilson (20056) cited the work of Bolton (1995) who points out that development occurs when a gain in experience is effectively combined with the conceptual understanding that can illuminate it, giving increased confidence both to act and to perceive how such actions relates to its context.Employee development involves attitude which includes concepts like growth, expansion, improvement, and education (Maund 2001), and also gives the employee opportunity to develop their skills, abilities, realize their potential and to advance their career in or outside the organization (Armstrong 2009), and to change their attitude as a result of going through the process of motivational development (Thomason 1988). Development involves the acquisition of skills which is derived from learning (Thomason 1988).Employee development as wide impact on the individual and not just on the individual but also on the organization and the community in which the organization whole kit and boodle (Maund 2001).MentoringMentoring is a relationship in which experienced managers aid individuals in the earlier stage of their career and such relationship provides an environment for convening technical, interpersonal and organizational skills from the more experienced to the less experienced (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Mentoring is seen as a variable in the achievement of success for both the individual and the organization who seek to manage the development of their employees who are the future leaders to eng age in order to grow and to develop to senior managers (Gibb 2008). It is believed that mentoring is a form of support in enabling women to progress up the career ladder particular in the area of professions and management (Gibb 2008). Effective mentors will not only encourage individuals to reflect upon their career goals, thereby promoting a sense of purpose and control they will also help individuals acquire the skills necessary to operate within a less hierarchical structure (CIPD 2008).The skills, approaches and the general behavior of the mentor have an important effect on the employees willingness to learn and also on the commitment paraden by the employees towards the learning process (Megginson et al 1999). Also, mentors can serve as a source of motivation for the individual in a way of support in the early stage of their career (Mathis and Jackson 2003). Motivation can be used to aid the employee to give their best to their job or increase their performance in the area of their job or work according to set standards, also, it is believed that people tend to work better if they understand the nature of their job and how they are suppose to carry it out and why they are suppose to carry it out in that particular way (Thomason 1988).SUSTAINING COMPETITVE ADVANTAGE THROUGH THE WORK OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (ORGANIZATION EXAMPLE)Human resource development is viewed as an important necessity to Walt Disney because to them training is seen as an important investment in the success of their company, piece some organizations see training as necessary but expensive, Walt Disney make it top priority (Handout). Walt Disney believe so strongly in a companys responsibleness for training its employees (handout), and they believe that it is the talent, enthusiasm and the dedication of their employee that has sustained them over the years (Disneyland paris.com). they believe that in other for their employees to perform excellently and not embarrass themselves they need to go through a training program and also need to practice whatever they have been trained on (Handout). Before starting in their new job their employees go through training program that is based on their profession and what their job entails, in other to develop their skills (Marie). They believe that everyone that works with them from the senior to the junior employer has a right to learn, develop and to grow (Marie). According to them, training, learning and practicing has important roles to play in the in the development of their employees talent and in other for them to perform well they need to be thoroughly trained and also they need to rehearse their roles which lead to the establishment of the Disney university (Hand out).Disney University is believed to be a training process and Walt Disney makes sure that every new employee goes through a training process before starting in their new job and the training process is directed towards imparting knowledge about spe cific job skills, competencies and also ensures that the employee has a good understanding of the companys culture and tradition (Handout). Their training is based on developing the professional ability and the performance of their employee and they believe that the employees should be able to develop themselves and in turn develop others in the process (Marie).At the Disney University pupil receive complete orientation called Traditions, which includes an explanation of the companys values and traditions, on-the-job training, and procedures for advancement (Handout). Their employees are also provided with teachers who serve as mentors who has more experience and who can show the employees what should be done and what not to do (handout). The implementation of training in Walt Disney was to train their employees in other to develop their skills, knowledge and their ability and as a result, get the performance needed to be competitive and to sustain a competitive advantage by having the right employees (handout). Walt Disney sees training as the bases for Human resource and as a way of developing their business, their workers and also themselves (Marie).CONCLUSIONHuman resource development has an important role to play in the development of an employee and in the growth of an organization, by providing an organization with the proper employees who have undergone training and learning new skills in other to develop their skills, knowledge, abilities and their competenciesReferenceArmstrong, M. (2009) Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 9th edn, Kogan Page, London.Brumback, G.H (2003) Blending we/me in performance management Electronic copy, Team performance management, script 8, Issue 7/8, Pg 167-173.Clardy, A. (2008) Human resource development and the resource based model of core competencies Methods for diagnosis and assessment Electronic copy, Human resource development review, Volume 7, Issue 4, Pg 387-407.Disneyland Paris (2010) Cor porate responsibility Disneylandparis.com corporate.disneylandparis.com/corporate-responsibility/our-people/diverse-and-multicultural/cast-member-interviews.xhtml Accessed 05/04/2010.Gibb, S. (2008) Human resource development Processes, Practices and Perspectives, 2nd edn, Palgrave, New York.Heathfield, S.M. (2010) What is human resource development (HRD) About.com humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryh/f/hr_development.htm Accessed 27/03/2010.Hunt, J.W, Baruch, Y. (2003) Developing top managers the impact of interpersonal skills training, Electronic copy. Journal of Management Development, Volume 22, Issue 8, Page 729-752.Lasbleis, J.M. (2010) Training Disneylandparis-casting.com http//disneylandparis-casting.com/en/our-hr-philosophy/training Accessed 03/04/2010.Mathis, R.L., Jackson, J.H (2003) Human resource management, 10th edn, Thomson, Ohio.Megginson, D., Banfield, P., Joy-Mathews, J. (1999) Human Resource development, 2nd edn, Kogan page, London.Mullins, L.J (2002) Management and organizational behaviour, 6th edn, Pearson education, Harlow.Philbeam, S., Corbridge, M. (2002) stack resourcing HRM in practice, 2nd edn, Pearson education, Harlow.Stensgaard, A.B (2007) Competence based training and Development, Ameinfo.com, www.ameinfo.com/43457.html Accessed 29/03/2010.Stewart, J., McGoldrick, J. (1996) Human resource development Perspectives, strategies and practice, Pearson education, HarlowSwanson, A.R, Arnold, D.E (1996) The purpose of human resource development is to improve organizational performance, Richardswanson.com www.richardswanson.com/publications/Swanson(1996)ThePurpose.pdf Accessed 27/03/2010.Swanson, R.A. () Human resource development performance is the key cmapspublic.ihmc.us/rid=1217113903859_1440042561_12670/Overview%20of%20HRD%20-%20Swanson.pdf Accessed 27/03/2010.Thomason, G. (2003) A text book of human resource management, institute of personal management, London.Torrington, D., Hall, L., Taylor, S (2005) Human resource management, 6t h edn, Pearson education, Harlow.Willson, J.P. (2005) Human resource development Learning and training for individuals and organizations, 2nd edn, Kogan page, London.